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From: bug#49424 <49424@debbugs.gnu.org>
To: bug#49424 <49424@debbugs.gnu.org>
Subject: Status: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
Reply-To: bug#49424 <49424@debbugs.gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Jun 2025 01:14:19 +0000
retitle 49424 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
reassign 49424 emacs
submitter 49424 Peter Oliver
severity 49424 normal
thanks
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From: Peter Oliver
To: bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org
Subject: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
Date: Mon, 05 Jul 2021 23:56:50 +0100
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The info page =E2=80=9C49.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File=E2=80=9D says:
> For brevity the rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just
> the current default location =E2=80=98~/.emacs.d/init.el=E2=80=99 for the=
init file.
However, this seems to be inaccurate: if I start Emacs as a new user and ma=
ke a customisation, that customisation is written to ~/.emacs.=20=20
In GNU Emacs 27.2 (build 1, x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.24.29, =
cairo version 1.17.4)
of 2021-05-25 built on 67aec83703474aab90196a48063fea20
Windowing system distributor 'The X.Org Foundation', version 11.0.12011000
System Description: Fedora 34 (Workstation Edition)
Configured using:
'configure --build=3Dx86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
--host=3Dx86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix=3D
--disable-dependency-tracking --prefix=3D/usr --exec-prefix=3D/usr
--bindir=3D/usr/bin --sbindir=3D/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=3D/etc
--datadir=3D/usr/share --includedir=3D/usr/include --libdir=3D/usr/lib64
--libexecdir=3D/usr/libexec --localstatedir=3D/var
--sharedstatedir=3D/var/lib --mandir=3D/usr/share/man
--infodir=3D/usr/share/info --with-dbus --with-gif --with-jpeg --with-png
--with-rsvg --with-tiff --with-xft --with-xpm --with-x-toolkit=3Dgtk3
--with-gpm=3Dno --with-xwidgets --with-modules --with-harfbuzz
--with-cairo --with-json build_alias=3Dx86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
host_alias=3Dx86_64-redhat-linux-gnu CC=3Dgcc 'CFLAGS=3D-DMAIL_USE_LOCKF -=
O2
-flto=3Dauto -ffat-lto-objects -fexceptions -g -grecord-gcc-switches
-pipe -Wall -Werror=3Dformat-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3D2
-Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS
-specs=3D/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -fstack-protector-strong
-specs=3D/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=3Dgeneric
-fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection'
LDFLAGS=3D-Wl,-z,relro
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=3D:/usr/lib64/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig'
Configured features:
XPM JPEG TIFF GIF PNG RSVG CAIRO SOUND DBUS GSETTINGS GLIB NOTIFY
INOTIFY ACL LIBSELINUX GNUTLS LIBXML2 FREETYPE HARFBUZZ M17N_FLT LIBOTF
ZLIB TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS GTK3 X11 XDBE XIM MODULES THREADS XWIDGETS
LIBSYSTEMD JSON PDUMPER GMP
--=20
Peter Oliver
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From: Lars Ingebrigtsen
To: Peter Oliver
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
X-Now-Playing: Black Midi's _Live on Canal St, NYC_: "Live on Canal St, NYC"
Date: Tue, 06 Jul 2021 17:11:38 +0200
In-Reply-To: (Peter Oliver's
message of "Mon, 05 Jul 2021 23:56:50 +0100")
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Content preview: Peter Oliver writes: > The info
page “49.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File” says: > >> For brevity the
rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just >> the current default
location ‘~/.emacs.d/init.el’ for [...]
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Peter Oliver writes:
> The info page =E2=80=9C49.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File=E2=80=9D say=
s:
>
>> For brevity the rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just
>> the current default location =E2=80=98~/.emacs.d/init.el=E2=80=99 for th=
e init file.
>
> However, this seems to be inaccurate: if I start Emacs as a new user
> and make a customisation, that customisation is written to ~/.emacs.
That is indeed the case still in Emacs 28 -- I thought we'd changed that
to prefer either XDG paths or ~/.emacs.d/init.el when there's no
previous init file?
--=20
(domestic pets only, the antidote for overdose, milk.)
bloggy blog: http://lars.ingebrigtsen.no
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From: Robert Pluim
To: Lars Ingebrigtsen
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org>
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 11:17:23 +0200
In-Reply-To: <87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> (Lars Ingebrigtsen's message of "Tue,
06 Jul 2021 17:11:38 +0200")
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>>>>> On Tue, 06 Jul 2021 17:11:38 +0200, Lars Ingebrigtsen said:
Lars> Peter Oliver writes:
>> The info page =E2=80=9C49.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File=E2=80=
=9D says:
>>=20
>>> For brevity the rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just
>>> the current default location =E2=80=98~/.emacs.d/init.el=E2=80=99 f=
or the init file.
>>=20
>> However, this seems to be inaccurate: if I start Emacs as a new user
>> and make a customisation, that customisation is written to ~/.emacs.
Yes, we should change that to say '~/.emacs'
Lars> That is indeed the case still in Emacs 28 -- I thought we'd chang=
ed that
Lars> to prefer either XDG paths or ~/.emacs.d/init.el when there's no
Lars> previous init file?
Emacs will prefer the XDG path if it exists and .emacs.d/init.el and
.emacs don=CA=BCt. Similarly Emacs will prefer .emacs.d/init.el if it
exists and .emacs doesn=CA=BCt.
If nothing exists, Emacs will create ~/.emacs.d, and use ~/.emacs as
the init file. We can change that to use ~/.emacs.d/init.el if we
want, people who already have init files will not be affected.
Robert
--=20
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From: Rudolf Schlatte
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 13:28:30 +0200
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<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
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Robert Pluim writes:
>>>>>> On Tue, 06 Jul 2021 17:11:38 +0200, Lars Ingebrigtsen said:
>
> Lars> Peter Oliver writes:
> >> The info page “49.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File” says:
> >>
> >>> For brevity the rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just
> >>> the current default location ‘~/.emacs.d/init.el’ for the init file.
> >>
> >> However, this seems to be inaccurate: if I start Emacs as a new user
> >> and make a customisation, that customisation is written to ~/.emacs.
>
> Yes, we should change that to say '~/.emacs'
>
> Lars> That is indeed the case still in Emacs 28 -- I thought we'd changed that
> Lars> to prefer either XDG paths or ~/.emacs.d/init.el when there's no
> Lars> previous init file?
>
> Emacs will prefer the XDG path if it exists and .emacs.d/init.el and
> .emacs donʼt. Similarly Emacs will prefer .emacs.d/init.el if it
> exists and .emacs doesnʼt.
I wonder if it would make sense to warn during startup if more than one
of these files exist, something like: "Warning: multiple init files
detected. Using ~/.emacs as init file, ignoring ~/.emacs.d/init.el"
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Date: Thu, 08 Jul 2021 00:24:22 +1200
From: Phil Sainty
To: Robert Pluim
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
In-Reply-To: <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
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On 2021-07-07 21:17, Robert Pluim wrote:
> If nothing exists, Emacs will create ~/.emacs.d, and use ~/.emacs as
> as the init file. We can change that to use ~/.emacs.d/init.el if we
> want, people who already have init files will not be affected.
>
I know of people who have ~/.emacs.d under version control (used on
multiple machines), and on some machines additionally have a ~/.emacs
file for config which is local to that particular machine. The .emacs
file simply loads the init.el file.
There are other ways of achieving the same thing; but I thought this
one was quite a neat approach when I heard it.
In other words, FYI some people's configs are definitely reliant on
the current precedence order.
In any case, while the sequence *could* be changed for those two
files, I don't think there's any notable benefit to doing so? Even
ignoring cases like the one above, that change would undoubtedly
cause some confusion for no good reason.
-Phil
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From: Robert Pluim
To: Phil Sainty
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 15:08:21 +0200
In-Reply-To: (Phil
Sainty's message of "Thu, 08 Jul 2021 00:24:22 +1200")
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>>>>> On Thu, 08 Jul 2021 00:24:22 +1200, Phil Sainty said:
Phil> On 2021-07-07 21:17, Robert Pluim wrote:
>> If nothing exists, Emacs will create ~/.emacs.d, and use ~/.emacs as
>> as the init file. We can change that to use ~/.emacs.d/init.el if we
>> want, people who already have init files will not be affected.
>>
Phil> I know of people who have ~/.emacs.d under version control (used =
on
Phil> multiple machines), and on some machines additionally have a ~/.e=
macs
Phil> file for config which is local to that particular machine. The .=
emacs
Phil> file simply loads the init.el file.
That=CA=BCs a different branch of the startup logic :-)
If we change things so that ~/.emacs.d/init.el is used only if there
is no .emacs, they would not be affected. I think this is already
the case, but I may be misremembering
Phil> There are other ways of achieving the same thing; but I thought t=
his
Phil> one was quite a neat approach when I heard it.
Phil> In other words, FYI some people's configs are definitely reliant =
on
Phil> the current precedence order.
Phil> In any case, while the sequence *could* be changed for those two
Phil> files, I don't think there's any notable benefit to doing so? Ev=
en
Phil> ignoring cases like the one above, that change would undoubtedly
Phil> cause some confusion for no good reason.
I=CA=BCm not proposing changing the sequence, only what happens in the case
where there are no init files at all. It would eliminate the 'why is
emacs creating .emacs.d but then not using it' confusion.
Robert
--=20
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From: Robert Pluim
To: Rudolf Schlatte
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 15:10:24 +0200
In-Reply-To: (Rudolf Schlatte's message of
"Wed, 07 Jul 2021 13:28:30 +0200")
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>>>>> On Wed, 07 Jul 2021 13:28:30 +0200, Rudolf Schlatte said:
Rudolf> Robert Pluim writes:
>> Emacs will prefer the XDG path if it exists and .emacs.d/init.el and
>> .emacs don=CA=BCt. Similarly Emacs will prefer .emacs.d/init.el if it
>> exists and .emacs doesn=CA=BCt.
Rudolf> I wonder if it would make sense to warn during startup if more =
than one
Rudolf> of these files exist, something like: "Warning: multiple init f=
iles
Rudolf> detected. Using ~/.emacs as init file, ignoring ~/.emacs.d/ini=
t.el"
A warning prominent enough for people to notice would also be annoying
enough that people would complain about us changing the status quo out
from under them. The best we could do is putting something in
*Messages*, I suspect
Robert
--=20
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From: Stephen Berman
To: Robert Pluim
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
<87sg0qb7ay.fsf@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 16:11:32 +0200
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Jul 2021 15:08:21 +0200")
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On Wed, 07 Jul 2021 15:08:21 +0200 Robert Pluim wrote:
>>>>>> On Thu, 08 Jul 2021 00:24:22 +1200, Phil Sainty said:
>
> Phil> On 2021-07-07 21:17, Robert Pluim wrote:
> >> If nothing exists, Emacs will create ~/.emacs.d, and use ~/.emacs =
as
> >> as the init file. We can change that to use ~/.emacs.d/init.el if =
we
> >> want, people who already have init files will not be affected.
> >>
>
> Phil> I know of people who have ~/.emacs.d under version control (use=
d on
> Phil> multiple machines), and on some machines additionally have a ~/=
.emacs
> Phil> file for config which is local to that particular machine. The=
.emacs
> Phil> file simply loads the init.el file.
>
> That=CA=BCs a different branch of the startup logic :-)
>
> If we change things so that ~/.emacs.d/init.el is used only if there
> is no .emacs, they would not be affected. I think this is already
> the case, but I may be misremembering
>
> Phil> There are other ways of achieving the same thing; but I thought=
this
> Phil> one was quite a neat approach when I heard it.
>
> Phil> In other words, FYI some people's configs are definitely relian=
t on
> Phil> the current precedence order.
>
> Phil> In any case, while the sequence *could* be changed for those two
> Phil> files, I don't think there's any notable benefit to doing so? =
Even
> Phil> ignoring cases like the one above, that change would undoubtedly
> Phil> cause some confusion for no good reason.
>
> I=CA=BCm not proposing changing the sequence, only what happens in the ca=
se
> where there are no init files at all. It would eliminate the 'why is
> emacs creating .emacs.d but then not using it' confusion.
One thing I find useful about the current way is that I can use ~/.emacs
to carry out tests requiring (or facilitated by having) an init file,
without having to move or otherwise disable my actual init file
~/.emacs.d/init.el. That benefit would be lost if the priority was
changed (or it would require making ~/.emacs the real init file and
using ~/.emacs.d/init.el for testing, which seems less appealing).
Steve Berman
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From: Robert Pluim
To: Stephen Berman
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
<87sg0qb7ay.fsf@gmail.com> <871r8a43jf.fsf@gmx.net>
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 16:40:24 +0200
In-Reply-To: <871r8a43jf.fsf@gmx.net> (Stephen Berman's message of "Wed, 07
Jul 2021 16:11:32 +0200")
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>>>>> On Wed, 07 Jul 2021 16:11:32 +0200, Stephen Berman said:
Stephen> One thing I find useful about the current way is that I can us=
e ~/.emacs
Stephen> to carry out tests requiring (or facilitated by having) an ini=
t file,
Stephen> without having to move or otherwise disable my actual init file
Stephen> ~/.emacs.d/init.el. That benefit would be lost if the priorit=
y was
Stephen> changed (or it would require making ~/.emacs the real init fil=
e and
Stephen> using ~/.emacs.d/init.el for testing, which seems less appeali=
ng).
Instead of 'no init files' -> .emacs, we=CA=BCd have 'no init files' ->
~/.emacs.d/init.el
That would not affect the existing search logic, which currently
prefers .emacs to ~/.emacs.d/init.el if it finds .emacs
Robert
--=20
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From: Stephen Berman
To: Robert Pluim
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
<87sg0qb7ay.fsf@gmail.com> <871r8a43jf.fsf@gmx.net>
<87k0m2b31j.fsf@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 18:21:27 +0200
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Jul 2021 16:40:24 +0200")
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On Wed, 07 Jul 2021 16:40:24 +0200 Robert Pluim wrote:
>>>>>> On Wed, 07 Jul 2021 16:11:32 +0200, Stephen Berman
> said:
>
> Stephen> One thing I find useful about the current way is that I can =
use ~/.emacs
> Stephen> to carry out tests requiring (or facilitated by having) an i=
nit file,
> Stephen> without having to move or otherwise disable my actual init f=
ile
> Stephen> ~/.emacs.d/init.el. That benefit would be lost if the prior=
ity was
> Stephen> changed (or it would require making ~/.emacs the real init f=
ile and
> Stephen> using ~/.emacs.d/init.el for testing, which seems less appea=
ling).
>
> Instead of 'no init files' -> .emacs, we=CA=BCd have 'no init files' ->
> ~/.emacs.d/init.el
>
> That would not affect the existing search logic, which currently
> prefers .emacs to ~/.emacs.d/init.el if it finds .emacs
Ah, right. Then it's fine by me :-)
Steve Berman
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From: Rudolf Schlatte
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 18:33:31 +0200
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Robert Pluim writes:
>>>>>> On Wed, 07 Jul 2021 13:28:30 +0200, Rudolf Schlatte said:
>
> Rudolf> Robert Pluim writes:
>
> >> Emacs will prefer the XDG path if it exists and .emacs.d/init.el and
> >> .emacs donʼt. Similarly Emacs will prefer .emacs.d/init.el if it
> >> exists and .emacs doesnʼt.
>
> Rudolf> I wonder if it would make sense to warn during startup if more than one
> Rudolf> of these files exist, something like: "Warning: multiple init files
> Rudolf> detected. Using ~/.emacs as init file, ignoring ~/.emacs.d/init.el"
>
> A warning prominent enough for people to notice would also be annoying
> enough that people would complain about us changing the status quo out
> from under them. The best we could do is putting something in
> *Messages*, I suspect
A line in *Messages* was what I was thinking of, yes. Maybe conditional
on a variable in case it turns out annoying for people who have shadowed
init files on purpose and want to keep their *Messages* buffer clean.
Or maybe a command `list-init-file-shadows' analogous to the existing
`list-load-path-shadows'.
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Date: Wed, 7 Jul 2021 18:58:57 +0100 (BST)
From: Peter Oliver
To: Robert Pluim
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
In-Reply-To: <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
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On Wed, 7 Jul 2021, Robert Pluim wrote:
> If nothing exists, Emacs will create ~/.emacs.d, and use ~/.emacs as
> the init file. We can change that to use ~/.emacs.d/init.el if we
> want, people who already have init files will not be affected.
Sounds good to me.
If we’re making a change, here, it may be worth going all the way: create $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/emacs if it and ~/.emacs.d don’t exist, and hence use $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/emacs/init.el when creating a new initialisation file.
--
Peter Oliver
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Date: Wed, 7 Jul 2021 19:12:03 +0100 (BST)
From: Peter Oliver
To: Robert Pluim
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
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On Wed, 7 Jul 2021, Robert Pluim wrote:
> > Peter Oliver writes:
> >> The info page “49.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File” says:
> >>
> >>> For brevity the rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just
> >>> the current default location ‘~/.emacs.d/init.el’ for the init file.
> >>
> >> However, this seems to be inaccurate: if I start Emacs as a new user
> >> and make a customisation, that customisation is written to ~/.emacs.
>
> Yes, we should change that to say '~/.emacs'
Here’s a patch to do that.
--
Peter Oliver
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From: Eli Zaretskii
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(message from Peter Oliver on Wed, 7 Jul 2021 19:12:03 +0100 (BST))
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
References:
<87bl7fscid.fsf@gnus.org> <87zguybhzw.fsf@gmail.com>
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> Date: Wed, 7 Jul 2021 19:12:03 +0100 (BST)
> From: Peter Oliver
> Cc: Lars Ingebrigtsen , 49424@debbugs.gnu.org
>
> > Yes, we should change that to say '~/.emacs'
>
> Here’s a patch to do that.
>
> --
> Peter Oliver
>
> From e0a95ea7a048c505820829d8e10f0addf2cc6c4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
> From: Peter Oliver
> Date: Wed, 7 Jul 2021 19:09:58 +0100
> Subject: [PATCH] Document init file with the highest precedence as ~/.emacs
>
> * doc/emacs/custom.texi: Default location of init file is ~/.emacs
> (bug#49424).
> ---
> doc/emacs/custom.texi | 2 +-
> 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/doc/emacs/custom.texi b/doc/emacs/custom.texi
> index de5d825248..708349e833 100644
> --- a/doc/emacs/custom.texi
> +++ b/doc/emacs/custom.texi
> @@ -2713,7 +2713,7 @@ Find Init
> name in the system's data base of users.
>
> For brevity the rest of the Emacs documentation generally uses just
> -the current default location @file{~/.emacs.d/init.el} for the
> +the current default location @file{~/.emacs} for the
> init file.
Thanks, but this is still inaccurate. Can we please change the
documentation so that it tells the whole story?
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Date: Wed, 7 Jul 2021 20:08:20 +0100 (BST)
From: Peter Oliver
To: Eli Zaretskii
Subject: Re: bug#49424: 27.2; Misdocumented default initialisation file
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