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The original message has been attached to this so you can view it or label similar future email. If you have any questions, see the administrator of that system for details. Content preview: sometimes,rm can't delete the file. but when using rm -rf + file . the file can be deleted. sometimes,rm can't delete the file. but when using rm -rf + file . 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charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: control X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -1.0 (-) merge 42439 42440 thanks From unknown Thu Aug 21 14:53:10 2025 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.505 (Entity 5.505) X-Loop: help-debbugs@gnu.org From: help-debbugs@gnu.org (GNU bug Tracking System) To: "=?UTF-8?Q?=EF=BF=BD=EF=BF=BD=EF=BF=BD=EF=BF=BD?=" Subject: bug#42440: closed (Re: bug#42440: bug with rm) Message-ID: References: <20200721234555688656350@bob.proulx.com> X-Gnu-PR-Message: they-closed 42440 X-Gnu-PR-Package: coreutils Reply-To: 42440@debbugs.gnu.org Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2020 06:06:02 +0000 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----------=_1595397962-8007-1" This is a multi-part message in MIME format... ------------=_1595397962-8007-1 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Your bug report #42440: bug with rm which was filed against the coreutils package, has been closed. The explanation is attached below, along with your original report. If you require more details, please reply to 42440@debbugs.gnu.org. --=20 42440: http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=3D42440 GNU Bug Tracking System Contact help-debbugs@gnu.org with problems ------------=_1595397962-8007-1 Content-Type: message/rfc822 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Received: (at 42440-done) by debbugs.gnu.org; 22 Jul 2020 06:05:42 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:41008 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1jy7sr-00024b-Ps for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 02:05:42 -0400 Received: from havoc.proulx.com ([96.88.95.61]:50058) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1jy7sp-00024O-OB for 42440-done@debbugs.gnu.org; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 02:05:40 -0400 Received: from joseki.proulx.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by havoc.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74ECB546; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 (MDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=proulx.com; s=dkim2048; t=1595397934; bh=fnXIYLn6c0TKTmbqjwQIJz5iTd/rYdWQfgV75Nz1Qzo=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:References:In-Reply-To:From; b=Rj0Xab2KdxAnL8t3oqsuiSWXzmWxE6AQkle/y53qGF+sBknb1oHkcLx1VuS4S5wbH mKScXd1JOc/M8+sbKpMHwaICngQcamH8X6Jy4HKtpdQ2ss+2bTfzvD4HIqgX7uRidA ARcertW0p4q+E/PVY+65TDhhbvU1Mpum9Y4sGxApBhtAFrEwMSmovSt8nOZsZZZxl2 CPjQhww71KDj4+q8WNSvHVuplaAi2+MYHtvTn13Y9Jfhc+IKKhRb8goYOdcwca1F+P FX2AMnw54jWg2F4JXiyuQblmr6cvAGl8zSR7muPDwWvXJsUMv2KzrLR3diF5f1eTHb jmipmvTJtzk6Q== Received: from hysteria.proulx.com (hysteria.proulx.com [192.168.230.119]) by joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4861621151; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 (MDT) Received: by hysteria.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 3E1F62DC9E; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 (MDT) Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 From: Bob Proulx To: =?utf-8?B?77+977+977+977+9?= Subject: Re: bug#42440: bug with rm Message-ID: <20200721234555688656350@bob.proulx.com> References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In-Reply-To: X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 42440-done Cc: 42440-done@debbugs.gnu.org X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -1.0 (-) tags 42440 + notabug thanks ���� wrote: > sometimes,rm can't delete the file. > but when using rm -rf + file . > the file can be deleted. This does not sound like a bug in the rm command. Therefore I am tagging this as such. If you have follow up information and this turns out to be an actual bug then we can reopen the bug report. Unfortunately there is not enough information in the report to know exactly the case that you are talking about. For example I don't know if you are talking about a literal "+" in that line or not. I will assume that you are since it is there. There are several FAQs listed for rm. Any of these might be a problem. https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#How-do-I-remove-files-that-start-with-a-dash_003f https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#Why-doesn_0027t-rm-_002dr-_002a_002epattern-recurse-like-it-should_003f You might have experienced either of those problems. Or a different problem. We can't tell. > sometimes,rm can't delete the file. There are two main cases. One is that if the file is not writable by the user then 'rm' will check for this and ask the user for confirmation. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ touch file1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod a-w file1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm file1 rm: remove write-protected regular empty file 'file1'? n rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -l file1 -r--r--r-- 1 bob bob 0 Jul 21 23:52 file1 The -f option will force it without prompting. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -f file1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -l file1 ls: cannot access 'file1': No such file or directory This is a courtesy confirmation. Because the permissions on the file is not important when it comes to removing a directory entry. A file is really just an entry in the directory containing it. Removing a file simply removes the entry from the directory. When the last link to the file reaches zero then the file system reclaims the storage. The file system is a "garbage collection" system using reference counting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science) Therefore the only permission needed to remove a file is write permission to the directory containing it. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ touch file2 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld . file2 drwxrwxr-x 3 rwp rwp 100 Jul 21 23:56 ./ -rw-rw-r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 21 23:56 file2 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod a-w . rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld . file2 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 100 Jul 21 23:56 ./ -rw-rw-r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 21 23:56 file2 This creates a file. The file is writable. But I have changed the directory containing it not to be writable. This prevents the ability to remove the file. Can't remove it because the directory is not wriable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm file2 rm: cannot remove 'file2': Permission denied rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -f file2 rm: cannot remove 'file2': Permission denied rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -rf file2 rm: cannot remove 'file2': Permission denied rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld . file2 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 100 Jul 21 23:56 ./ -rw-rw-r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 21 23:56 file2 In order to remove the file we must have write permission to the directory. Adding write permission to the directory allows removing the file. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod ug+w . rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm file2 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld file2 ls: cannot access 'file2': No such file or directory Expanding upon this problem is if there are many directories deep and the directories are not writable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ mkdir -p dir1 dir1/dir2 dir1/dir2/dir3 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ touch dir1/dir2/dir3/file3 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod -R a-w dir1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ find dir1 -ls 69649132 0 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 60 Jul 22 00:00 dir1 69649133 0 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 60 Jul 22 00:00 dir1/dir2 69649134 0 dr-xr-xr-x 2 rwp rwp 60 Jul 22 00:00 dir1/dir2/dir3 69650655 0 -r--r--r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 22 00:00 dir1/dir2/dir3/file3 That sets up the test case. None of the directories are wriable. Therefore we cannot remove any of them. The directory holding the entries must be writable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -rf dir1 rm: cannot remove 'dir1/dir2/dir3/file3': Permission denied Even using 'rm -rf' does not work. And should not work. Because the directories are not writable. In order to remove these files the directories must be made writable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod -R u+w dir1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -rf dir1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld dir1 ls: cannot access 'dir1': No such file or directory Hopefully this helps you understand how directory entries work, that the directory holding an entry (either file or another directory) must be writable. How to add write permission. How to remove a single file. How to remove a directory tree. Hopefully this helps! :-) Bob ------------=_1595397962-8007-1 Content-Type: message/rfc822 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Received: (at submit) by debbugs.gnu.org; 20 Jul 2020 10:52:56 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:33975 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1jxTPj-00013j-57 for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 20 Jul 2020 06:52:56 -0400 Received: from lists.gnu.org ([209.51.188.17]:56412) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1jxSS2-0003ZS-QE for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 20 Jul 2020 05:51:18 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([2001:470:142:3::10]:34630) by lists.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1jxSS2-0007CM-Hx for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Mon, 20 Jul 2020 05:51:14 -0400 Received: from smtpbgeu2.qq.com ([18.194.254.142]:49666) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1jxSS0-0006IC-MQ for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Mon, 20 Jul 2020 05:51:14 -0400 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=qq.com; s=s201512; t=1595238668; bh=xbQEi31am+zfUjaaA3s4ONUftcxpEHCPc/oPDZnQAsY=; h=From:To:Subject:Mime-Version:Date:Message-ID; b=YsgvehYlLb9gwy1mlH7lgnNZgbhk5cXr40vB6FKFeL2DhjQnPmELR19C+WZNkPC7N hPO59V7wTbzItCZ+AzLVNTckegcIGXk2AuXFs/D12xAtKIxNJB/lyNXEja+bNR5nR5 7rfno1D7czZfqWrVywgpaZHcRezInrVf7jydep6c= X-QQ-FEAT: /eYKt59m1vU8/K3da3jB4dJuSkbQPstmhi2DhwUL0OrxRbOGjIyHbQ3wdYBAn BJrykvrqJTV2zk3ZR5PJuRK5t62IpTOnxquSFqqzF4fWCZH0NPfxpSf7uRebBPLXgmU6FoE YHVpfK75Zfu0CwcRWXcEIIXELn1BLHMuEPQ1Y4fTOp9VjtzY+d3eBixmEuaVtjkkfODbnbD Rs3cpy6h16yqQ8VCfAEMlbiSJfVCuoheKQDS7yF3Zdb/gtzJ/sYxtYx6DCsRhuHE= X-QQ-SSF: 0000000000000060000000000000008 X-QQ-XMAILINFO: OMp23U75leayFmVzaDbenROrQerkpsSWjdSxSpwHDcBV/jaWHZ7Z05wU0CShys mcK9m27Kkw9k+DGbqpRDefG8e35v4OrlYvPhoQYwgCCQ0a1rGFatqoWd2tHBrI63P8BS49n1LXpwI KuvgdI8UGw4rTub3WbGlP1EFjcsPTEguJ+LkHAj/a6kDMlCLDPZoNZChsYVfORPsAZR1t2qBqXqVp sASlHzEzRTZuGlDP90GljFSBig3bILfmADUNSGiOV3nVsMi9guNHPAIvtFMmO1+GguTOBTLQCKdN9 eL/KW/ZJjwU+P3ZPeoAjzGBTE5veltsYDEckw7YllC0LMMoQ8UgPJDUo3sXFi0rb11ezcVqYsn4fz TeSRbQBI1NU+FmhKUjhM8LR+76S0las6VzpEYjpv6s2DMBRIjM3ohAnkH3iLnxhadcMU3HYVRsPYP 7VSwcZ+8Xs/Cv1S2OIWig0ck1B6aahElIpfgf5BuW/IVdVwhCM1gwQqmBpq1g+c9pI4Cr+B2uYOOJ qeSnBNemt3kzKGOx7nFNbUxxVrOSiAcsD9aC4HHl/NbDKkbLDqx7yf79upPI7LQJLOQtS3gBeTGU4 o2/n4XwJJoVcgs5kryaF+/0OzuhtYOY4/GvG08tpA== X-HAS-ATTACH: no X-QQ-BUSINESS-ORIGIN: 2 X-Originating-IP: 106.38.191.243 X-QQ-STYLE: X-QQ-mid: webmail820t1595238665t9689927 From: "=?gb18030?B?zOzC7Q==?=" To: "=?gb18030?B?YnVnLWNvcmV1dGlscw==?=" Subject: bug with rm Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_5F156909_114B1D48_773D70AB" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8Bit Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2020 17:51:05 +0800 X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: X-QQ-MIME: TCMime 1.0 by Tencent X-Mailer: QQMail 2.x X-QQ-Mailer: QQMail 2.x X-QQ-SENDSIZE: 520 Received: from qq.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by smtp.qq.com (ESMTP) with SMTP id ; Mon, 20 Jul 2020 17:51:07 +0800 (CST) Feedback-ID: webmail:qq.com:bgforeign:bgforeign11 X-QQ-Bgrelay: 1 Received-SPF: pass client-ip=18.194.254.142; envelope-from=get55@qq.com; helo=smtpbgeu2.qq.com X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: First seen = 2020/07/20 05:51:09 X-ACL-Warn: Detected OS = Linux 2.2.x-3.x [generic] [fuzzy] X-Spam_score_int: 4 X-Spam_score: 0.4 X-Spam_bar: / X-Spam_report: (0.4 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, CHARSET_FARAWAY_HEADER=3.2, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, FREEMAIL_ENVFROM_END_DIGIT=0.25, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, HTML_MESSAGE=0.001, MSGID_FROM_MTA_HEADER=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2=-1, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001, URIBL_BLOCKED=0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-Spam-Score: 1.9 (+) X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software, running on the system "debbugs.gnu.org", has NOT identified this incoming email as spam. The original message has been attached to this so you can view it or label similar future email. If you have any questions, see the administrator of that system for details. Content preview: sometimes,rm can't delete the file. but when using rm -rf + file . the file can be deleted. sometimes,rm can't delete the file. but when using rm -rf + file . 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The explanation is attached below, along with your original report. If you require more details, please reply to 42439@debbugs.gnu.org. --=20 42440: http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=3D42440 GNU Bug Tracking System Contact help-debbugs@gnu.org with problems ------------=_1595397962-8007-3 Content-Type: message/rfc822 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Received: (at 42440-done) by debbugs.gnu.org; 22 Jul 2020 06:05:42 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:41008 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1jy7sr-00024b-Ps for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 02:05:42 -0400 Received: from havoc.proulx.com ([96.88.95.61]:50058) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1jy7sp-00024O-OB for 42440-done@debbugs.gnu.org; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 02:05:40 -0400 Received: from joseki.proulx.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by havoc.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 74ECB546; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 (MDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=proulx.com; s=dkim2048; t=1595397934; bh=fnXIYLn6c0TKTmbqjwQIJz5iTd/rYdWQfgV75Nz1Qzo=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:References:In-Reply-To:From; b=Rj0Xab2KdxAnL8t3oqsuiSWXzmWxE6AQkle/y53qGF+sBknb1oHkcLx1VuS4S5wbH mKScXd1JOc/M8+sbKpMHwaICngQcamH8X6Jy4HKtpdQ2ss+2bTfzvD4HIqgX7uRidA ARcertW0p4q+E/PVY+65TDhhbvU1Mpum9Y4sGxApBhtAFrEwMSmovSt8nOZsZZZxl2 CPjQhww71KDj4+q8WNSvHVuplaAi2+MYHtvTn13Y9Jfhc+IKKhRb8goYOdcwca1F+P FX2AMnw54jWg2F4JXiyuQblmr6cvAGl8zSR7muPDwWvXJsUMv2KzrLR3diF5f1eTHb jmipmvTJtzk6Q== Received: from hysteria.proulx.com (hysteria.proulx.com [192.168.230.119]) by joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4861621151; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 (MDT) Received: by hysteria.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 3E1F62DC9E; Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 (MDT) Date: Wed, 22 Jul 2020 00:05:34 -0600 From: Bob Proulx To: =?utf-8?B?77+977+977+977+9?= Subject: Re: bug#42440: bug with rm Message-ID: <20200721234555688656350@bob.proulx.com> References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In-Reply-To: X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 42440-done Cc: 42440-done@debbugs.gnu.org X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.18 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -1.0 (-) tags 42440 + notabug thanks ���� wrote: > sometimes,rm can't delete the file. > but when using rm -rf + file . > the file can be deleted. This does not sound like a bug in the rm command. Therefore I am tagging this as such. If you have follow up information and this turns out to be an actual bug then we can reopen the bug report. Unfortunately there is not enough information in the report to know exactly the case that you are talking about. For example I don't know if you are talking about a literal "+" in that line or not. I will assume that you are since it is there. There are several FAQs listed for rm. Any of these might be a problem. https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#How-do-I-remove-files-that-start-with-a-dash_003f https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/faq/coreutils-faq.html#Why-doesn_0027t-rm-_002dr-_002a_002epattern-recurse-like-it-should_003f You might have experienced either of those problems. Or a different problem. We can't tell. > sometimes,rm can't delete the file. There are two main cases. One is that if the file is not writable by the user then 'rm' will check for this and ask the user for confirmation. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ touch file1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod a-w file1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm file1 rm: remove write-protected regular empty file 'file1'? n rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -l file1 -r--r--r-- 1 bob bob 0 Jul 21 23:52 file1 The -f option will force it without prompting. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -f file1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -l file1 ls: cannot access 'file1': No such file or directory This is a courtesy confirmation. Because the permissions on the file is not important when it comes to removing a directory entry. A file is really just an entry in the directory containing it. Removing a file simply removes the entry from the directory. When the last link to the file reaches zero then the file system reclaims the storage. The file system is a "garbage collection" system using reference counting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science) Therefore the only permission needed to remove a file is write permission to the directory containing it. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ touch file2 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld . file2 drwxrwxr-x 3 rwp rwp 100 Jul 21 23:56 ./ -rw-rw-r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 21 23:56 file2 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod a-w . rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld . file2 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 100 Jul 21 23:56 ./ -rw-rw-r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 21 23:56 file2 This creates a file. The file is writable. But I have changed the directory containing it not to be writable. This prevents the ability to remove the file. Can't remove it because the directory is not wriable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm file2 rm: cannot remove 'file2': Permission denied rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -f file2 rm: cannot remove 'file2': Permission denied rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -rf file2 rm: cannot remove 'file2': Permission denied rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld . file2 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 100 Jul 21 23:56 ./ -rw-rw-r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 21 23:56 file2 In order to remove the file we must have write permission to the directory. Adding write permission to the directory allows removing the file. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod ug+w . rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm file2 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld file2 ls: cannot access 'file2': No such file or directory Expanding upon this problem is if there are many directories deep and the directories are not writable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ mkdir -p dir1 dir1/dir2 dir1/dir2/dir3 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ touch dir1/dir2/dir3/file3 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod -R a-w dir1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ find dir1 -ls 69649132 0 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 60 Jul 22 00:00 dir1 69649133 0 dr-xr-xr-x 3 rwp rwp 60 Jul 22 00:00 dir1/dir2 69649134 0 dr-xr-xr-x 2 rwp rwp 60 Jul 22 00:00 dir1/dir2/dir3 69650655 0 -r--r--r-- 1 rwp rwp 0 Jul 22 00:00 dir1/dir2/dir3/file3 That sets up the test case. None of the directories are wriable. Therefore we cannot remove any of them. The directory holding the entries must be writable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -rf dir1 rm: cannot remove 'dir1/dir2/dir3/file3': Permission denied Even using 'rm -rf' does not work. And should not work. Because the directories are not writable. In order to remove these files the directories must be made writable. rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ chmod -R u+w dir1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ rm -rf dir1 rwp@angst:/tmp/junk$ ls -ld dir1 ls: cannot access 'dir1': No such file or directory Hopefully this helps you understand how directory entries work, that the directory holding an entry (either file or another directory) must be writable. How to add write permission. How to remove a single file. How to remove a directory tree. 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