From unknown Wed Jun 25 00:22:54 2025 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.509 (Entity 5.509) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 From: bug#21051 <21051@debbugs.gnu.org> To: bug#21051 <21051@debbugs.gnu.org> Subject: Status: direct/file deletion Reply-To: bug#21051 <21051@debbugs.gnu.org> Date: Wed, 25 Jun 2025 07:22:54 +0000 retitle 21051 direct/file deletion reassign 21051 coreutils submitter 21051 Lee Sung severity 21051 normal tag 21051 notabug thanks From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Mon Jul 13 17:43:44 2015 Received: (at submit) by debbugs.gnu.org; 13 Jul 2015 21:43:44 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:48411 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZElVo-0004hF-3V for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 17:43:44 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([208.118.235.92]:45453) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEkSp-000381-SE for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:36:36 -0400 Received: from Debian-exim by eggs.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEkSj-00085p-Cq for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:36:30 -0400 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.2 (2011-06-06) on eggs.gnu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.8 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_50,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=disabled version=3.3.2 Received: from lists.gnu.org ([2001:4830:134:3::11]:35679) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEkSj-00085e-AU for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:36:29 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([2001:4830:134:3::10]:58932) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEkSh-0006AX-Pz for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:36:29 -0400 Received: from Debian-exim by eggs.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEkSa-0007zm-A3 for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:36:27 -0400 Received: from mail-bn1on0118.outbound.protection.outlook.com ([157.56.110.118]:4904 helo=na01-bn1-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEkSa-0007z4-57 for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:36:20 -0400 Received: from BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (10.255.205.15) by BN1PR05MB938.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (10.255.205.25) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.1.207.19; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 20:04:33 +0000 Received: from BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com ([10.255.205.15]) by BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com ([10.255.205.15]) with mapi id 15.01.0207.004; Mon, 13 Jul 2015 20:04:33 +0000 From: Lee Sung To: "bug-coreutils@gnu.org" Subject: direct/file deletion Thread-Topic: direct/file deletion Thread-Index: AdC9pyHYcn6LltnUSgmlAIUrMSTFTg== Date: Mon, 13 Jul 2015 20:04:33 +0000 Message-ID: Accept-Language: en-US Content-Language: en-US X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: authentication-results: gnu.org; dkim=none (message not signed) header.d=none; x-originating-ip: [66.129.239.10] x-microsoft-exchange-diagnostics: 1; BN1PR05MB938; 5:cGIKa4pgkEIRKY1FwP4DZUyNqxu2rEPeuNT9Nk7X8sAZQuSABrv8UkUWGbB38o6ExpFZFUe6E8xVoeVKDJjCxG0j9DkjpECxfjcGa3TA0WMVj6ViOrm6LcOh8f2ByTtOIxE/s/WAPNaQSQwuvm4Oug==; 24:zEqFzGXCMCtp+0qWriud466p0lBJ7mIzr3ect5nJeJaW7R1P7WQadoN+FiVxAGB+4onKYKqZg6XSMhX5bddGC4cBcDuUYhnFd91qt3gYkLU=; 20:C3fdPRbcthO1D+YVLLL0kZ2iJzzmJdjTTWcOGl+bdDNnPXwO0I+VsZbs/j2jnw289UMlczDubXRqDg1QYgS22g== x-microsoft-antispam: UriScan:;BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:BN1PR05MB938; x-microsoft-antispam-prvs: x-exchange-antispam-report-test: UriScan:(108003899814671); x-exchange-antispam-report-cfa-test: BCL:0; PCL:0; RULEID:(601004)(5005006)(3002001); SRVR:BN1PR05MB938; BCL:0; PCL:0; RULEID:; SRVR:BN1PR05MB938; x-forefront-prvs: 0636271852 x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(6009001)(122556002)(40100003)(62966003)(450100001)(77156002)(19580395003)(19580405001)(92566002)(86362001)(575784001)(77096005)(66066001)(15975445007)(229853001)(102836002)(33656002)(2900100001)(74316001)(54356999)(87936001)(2656002)(46102003)(2351001)(76576001)(5001960100002)(189998001)(107886002)(2501003)(5002640100001)(110136002)(5003600100002)(50986999)(4001430100001); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:BN1PR05MB938; H:BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; SPF:None; MLV:sfv; LANG:en; Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_BN1PR05MB937CE0C2B54C33DAB7C2B71B79C0BN1PR05MB937namprd_" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-OriginatorOrg: juniper.net X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-originalarrivaltime: 13 Jul 2015 20:04:33.1003 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-fromentityheader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-id: bea78b3c-4cdb-4130-854a-1d193232e5f4 X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: BN1PR05MB938 X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: GNU/Linux 2.2.x-3.x (barebone) [generic] [fuzzy] X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: Error: Malformed IPv6 address (bad octet value). X-Received-From: 2001:4830:134:3::11 X-Spam-Score: -4.0 (----) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: submit X-Mailman-Approved-At: Mon, 13 Jul 2015 17:43:42 -0400 Cc: Lee Sung X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -4.0 (----) --_000_BN1PR05MB937CE0C2B54C33DAB7C2B71B79C0BN1PR05MB937namprd_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi, I cannot delete dir/file from my home directory. [lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ [lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ ls -al total 28 drwxr-xr-x 3 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 . drwxr-xr-x 26 lsung qa-others 20480 Jul 13 11:40 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 rtl I want to delete dir fpc_i2cs_cpld, but I cannot. How would I delete directory "." and ".." Lee Sung --_000_BN1PR05MB937CE0C2B54C33DAB7C2B71B79C0BN1PR05MB937namprd_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi,
 
I cannot delete dir/file from my home directory.
[lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$
 
[lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ ls -al
total 28
drwxr-xr-x   3 lsung ipg      =   4096 Jul 13 11:23 .
drwxr-xr-x  26 lsung qa-others 20480 Jul 13 11:40 ..
drwxr-xr-x   2 lsung ipg      =   4096 Jul 13 11:23 rtl
 
I want to delete  dir fpc_i2cs_cpld, but I cannot.
 
How would I delete directory “.” and “..”
 
Lee Sung
 
 --_000_BN1PR05MB937CE0C2B54C33DAB7C2B71B79C0BN1PR05MB937namprd_-- From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Tue Jul 14 02:55:52 2015 Received: (at 21051) by debbugs.gnu.org; 14 Jul 2015 06:55:52 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:48598 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEu87-0002gx-Qd for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 02:55:52 -0400 Received: from mout.kundenserver.de ([212.227.17.13]:55213) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZEu85-0002gg-T9 for 21051@debbugs.gnu.org; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 02:55:50 -0400 Received: from [192.168.101.10] ([217.86.73.61]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue104) with ESMTPSA (Nemesis) id 0MKILu-1ZEMA43D7u-001edN; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 08:55:42 +0200 Message-ID: <55A4B26D.6050708@bernhard-voelker.de> Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 08:55:41 +0200 From: Bernhard Voelker User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/31.7.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Lee Sung , 21051@debbugs.gnu.org Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion References: In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K0:VAD1mNXRLzhLvtu1G0rfhQ/52c99UP4U9b++Zga9TeYHrbNKy+d Yzty6DHlyjfigJ2nRIPoNTAlm6PLlvDYLnsd726MdS5OgcUmjEzTucEcAWLEIMC8JkRlckK uw5lpXTFMGKyg0F3VFP+kUEBRT0DBkhDZ4N8quADRsk1MLiKLnylIkSQStyrpimkL9HRMwb RH+Wj8BmWOKdxE6QE0Y8A== X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V01:K0:XDj8ZKecv0Q=:tS70tykXAmXFSwEg1a2V1l zbAnFoWOhHvmG3W+LMk0ifUL7Ftxtez+rdoJLFmOkhm7KBLLD99wk5VCWPu+1pCrX4zP5RZ8M aTDpc2U5/io7gFYU/4jrbr3S1c3HQXbpWSGuGUxq3s57OcgeBJe6fTDcI9jZCfyYQifa3Ocdw Tsgh60683xMEXLxmh3n0Y7WAF4wyjx4EC5PVZfBWVQxcL52RGUwCIq6HEVIYk2psa6lYeZtAO aGDNksYqCNomOG7lGj5oKsMsO3uiL5v8GDRWXoEtJ9ITAIt3q3pyBWWe2f8AyED0bV+gr9+dp fT5o1oP/jpF4FjquPKbN7nHW+ECw11aYyaUH5n3HXk1S0aRXfjqdQxiip2K0ZAUGpoXxw2Yyy +Z6OLZ1RnunckI7X9XxJG2dcQA7u330uf7t5pCL/kNZUAZ9PzkU7mP8o1miYjF/BOppZ8Gttb 1n7ZKID7NR2rE6XRIFswTepW4pNa3MnRQDKYvtTaafp71SJgQydhCq21KW2LQMWb8mdqLnkKV 116S1lY3LQiwWhnYntLTmg5cnrp/OrITy+bJ4kcdf3ZsF3vOfc6GVNia0/b6nN2huqKIQlgCR KDasoHvzm7/VqzWd/mCk3rsIe76xFr+bDsr05pEbkNOgvEpHZzlmxhv+hgXW/wCKdl3vMNifd 0ajaWqgHAV4lohZG+KeLGM8tGp3CEqLjwFX0SEeHV8hmK+A== X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 21051 X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) tag 21051 notabug close 21051 stop On 07/13/2015 10:04 PM, Lee Sung wrote: > I cannot delete dir/file from my home directory. > [lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ > > [lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ ls -al > total 28 > drwxr-xr-x 3 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 . > drwxr-xr-x 26 lsung qa-others 20480 Jul 13 11:40 .. > drwxr-xr-x 2 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 rtl > > I want to delete dir fpc_i2cs_cpld, but I cannot. > > How would I delete directory “.” and “..” Thanks for the bug report. You did not show us how you tried to delete that directory, and what error message (or other effect) you got. The entries "." and ".." are implicit and stand for the current and parent directories respectively on UNIX-oide file systems. You'd never want to delete them directly by these names - and the rm(1) utility of GNU coreutils actually refuses to delete them: $ rm -r . rm: refusing to remove '.' or '..' directory: skipping '.' However, you could remove it by it's absolute file name: $ rm -r "$HOME/fpc_i2cs_cpld" Anyway, as this is unlikely a bug in the GNU coreutils, I'm closing this as "not a bug" in our bug tracker. Have a nice day, Berny From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Tue Jul 14 18:54:05 2015 Received: (at 21051) by debbugs.gnu.org; 14 Jul 2015 22:54:05 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:49333 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZF95Q-0002iG-In for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 18:54:04 -0400 Received: from joseki.proulx.com ([216.17.153.58]:47484) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZF95P-0002i9-4B for 21051@debbugs.gnu.org; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 18:54:03 -0400 Received: from hysteria.proulx.com (hysteria.proulx.com [192.168.230.119]) by joseki.proulx.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0A60F2183C; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 16:54:02 -0600 (MDT) Received: by hysteria.proulx.com (Postfix, from userid 1000) id DDB062DC4D; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 16:54:01 -0600 (MDT) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 16:54:01 -0600 From: Bob Proulx To: Lee Sung Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion Message-ID: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.23 (2014-03-12) X-Spam-Score: -1.4 (-) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 21051 Cc: 21051@debbugs.gnu.org X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -1.4 (-) Lee Sung wrote: > [lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ ls -al > total 28 > drwxr-xr-x 3 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 . > drwxr-xr-x 26 lsung qa-others 20480 Jul 13 11:40 .. > drwxr-xr-x 2 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 rtl > > I want to delete dir fpc_i2cs_cpld, but I cannot. Easiest is to change directory one above and then delete it. The easiest way is with rm -r -f which will perform a recursive removal of everything in the directory depth first from the bottom up. cd .. rm -rf fpc_i2cs_cpld # warning: recursive removal But you could also delete it using the full path. rm -rf ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld # warning: recursive removal > How would I delete directory "." and ".." Those entries are required infrastructure and should not be deleted. The "." directory refers to the current directory. The ".." refers to the parent directory. The ".." entry on some classic Unix file systems may be unlinked but I don't believe that any current Linux file system allows this. This is a restriction imposed by the kernel and not by coreutils. Bob From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Tue Jul 14 19:00:41 2015 Received: (at 21051) by debbugs.gnu.org; 14 Jul 2015 23:00:41 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:49347 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZF9Bm-0002sT-6F for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 19:00:40 -0400 Received: from mail-by2on0102.outbound.protection.outlook.com ([207.46.100.102]:4309 helo=na01-by2-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZF98B-0002lq-3S for 21051@debbugs.gnu.org; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 18:56:55 -0400 Received: from BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (10.255.205.15) by BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (10.255.205.15) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.1.219.17; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 22:56:48 +0000 Received: from BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com ([10.255.205.15]) by BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com ([10.255.205.15]) with mapi id 15.01.0219.000; Tue, 14 Jul 2015 22:56:48 +0000 From: Lee Sung To: Bob Proulx Subject: RE: bug#21051: direct/file deletion Thread-Topic: bug#21051: direct/file deletion Thread-Index: AdC9pyHYcn6LltnUSgmlAIUrMSTFTgA4NeuAAAAO2yA= Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 22:56:47 +0000 Message-ID: References: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> In-Reply-To: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> Accept-Language: en-US Content-Language: en-US X-MS-Has-Attach: X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: authentication-results: proulx.com; dkim=none (message not signed) header.d=none; x-originating-ip: [66.129.239.12] x-microsoft-exchange-diagnostics: 1; BN1PR05MB937; 5:dcQjQvDCYV6UM7iy87AsnKKXo1dbE0QU0flG1GAzF5QU9VmxwkYL6iM5uSa5hX8HYhlQ2iJJrvTAmOwlR/ZpSyjuHcFyy81/KTk62c+dY/zrjTRdXhYOr8qj+HYgyP+XtljP861PtFoRfOvQUS2jTg==; 24:H62TDmLBiJgOG0hkQTnbdILXHyOlE9fCX1kwgGukzM2JJb6Ol18CVvAkvSwvyQA8/9noqUlf+jhXAzuOGgdQ6QoRZuyhugcrPC+8lZxoPpw=; 20:hXAvX6flIkivKrZHMw/jC9jMghYcWqAJ7dqW3MLMQNqUMVhPzWWj0TXtvJRuWl/4KHvjpK8/IPvrS4SicZuo8Q== x-microsoft-antispam: UriScan:;BCL:0;PCL:0;RULEID:;SRVR:BN1PR05MB937; bn1pr05mb937: X-MS-Exchange-Organization-RulesExecuted x-microsoft-antispam-prvs: x-exchange-antispam-report-test: UriScan:; x-exchange-antispam-report-cfa-test: BCL:0; PCL:0; RULEID:(601004)(5005006)(3002001); SRVR:BN1PR05MB937; BCL:0; PCL:0; RULEID:; SRVR:BN1PR05MB937; x-forefront-prvs: 0637FCE711 x-forefront-antispam-report: SFV:NSPM; SFS:(10019020)(6009001)(13464003)(377454003)(51704005)(24454002)(5001960100002)(110136002)(77156002)(40100003)(19580395003)(62966003)(19580405001)(122556002)(33656002)(86362001)(87936001)(46102003)(2656002)(77096005)(92566002)(76576001)(54356999)(5002640100001)(50986999)(76176999)(74316001)(102836002)(2950100001)(2900100001)(99286002)(5003600100002)(189998001)(66066001); DIR:OUT; SFP:1102; SCL:1; SRVR:BN1PR05MB937; H:BN1PR05MB937.namprd05.prod.outlook.com; FPR:; SPF:None; MLV:sfv; LANG:en; Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable MIME-Version: 1.0 X-OriginatorOrg: juniper.net X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-originalarrivaltime: 14 Jul 2015 22:56:47.8653 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-fromentityheader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-id: bea78b3c-4cdb-4130-854a-1d193232e5f4 X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: BN1PR05MB937 X-Spam-Score: -0.0 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 21051 X-Mailman-Approved-At: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 19:00:35 -0400 Cc: "21051@debbugs.gnu.org" <21051@debbugs.gnu.org> X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -0.0 (/) Bob, I am enable to do from window. Thank you, Lee Sung -----Original Message----- From: Bob Proulx [mailto:bob@proulx.com]=20 Sent: Tuesday, July 14, 2015 3:54 PM To: Lee Sung Cc: 21051@debbugs.gnu.org Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion Lee Sung wrote: > [lsung@hw-lnx-shell3 ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld]$ ls -al total 28 > drwxr-xr-x 3 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 . > drwxr-xr-x 26 lsung qa-others 20480 Jul 13 11:40 .. > drwxr-xr-x 2 lsung ipg 4096 Jul 13 11:23 rtl >=20 > I want to delete dir fpc_i2cs_cpld, but I cannot. Easiest is to change directory one above and then delete it. The easiest w= ay is with rm -r -f which will perform a recursive removal of everything in= the directory depth first from the bottom up. cd .. rm -rf fpc_i2cs_cpld # warning: recursive removal But you could also delete it using the full path. rm -rf ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld # warning: recursive removal > How would I delete directory "." and ".." Those entries are required infrastructure and should not be deleted. The "." directory refers to the current directory. The ".." refers to the = parent directory. The ".." entry on some classic Unix file systems may be = unlinked but I don't believe that any current Linux file system allows this= . This is a restriction imposed by the kernel and not by coreutils. Bob From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Wed Jul 15 12:47:16 2015 Received: (at 21051) by debbugs.gnu.org; 15 Jul 2015 16:47:16 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:50276 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFPq0-0000nP-EJ for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 12:47:16 -0400 Received: from mail-out.m-online.net ([212.18.0.9]:51043) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFPpx-0000nG-PH for 21051@debbugs.gnu.org; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 12:47:14 -0400 Received: from frontend01.mail.m-online.net (unknown [192.168.8.182]) by mail-out.m-online.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3mWl4J353rz3hj7X; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:47:12 +0200 (CEST) Received: from localhost (dynscan1.mnet-online.de [192.168.6.68]) by mail.m-online.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3mWl4J1bQ4zvh1v; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:47:12 +0200 (CEST) X-Virus-Scanned: amavisd-new at mnet-online.de Received: from mail.mnet-online.de ([192.168.8.182]) by localhost (dynscan1.mail.m-online.net [192.168.6.68]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 6oPeEo3nNau6; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:47:08 +0200 (CEST) X-Auth-Info: +Szs0O8D524bvNqBWiFzmgQpEjwzDfXzjcG4ZmruDerBHV/v3weAwnr00JORsWLm Received: from igel.home (host-188-174-209-58.customer.m-online.net [188.174.209.58]) by mail.mnet-online.de (Postfix) with ESMTPA; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:47:08 +0200 (CEST) Received: by igel.home (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 525AA2C1A4A; Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:47:08 +0200 (CEST) From: Andreas Schwab To: Bob Proulx Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion References: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> X-Yow: BARRY.. That was the most HEART-WARMING rendition of ``I DID IT MY WAY'' I've ever heard!! Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:47:08 +0200 In-Reply-To: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> (Bob Proulx's message of "Tue, 14 Jul 2015 16:54:01 -0600") Message-ID: <87380p74hf.fsf@igel.home> User-Agent: Gnus/5.13 (Gnus v5.13) Emacs/24.5 (gnu/linux) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 21051 Cc: 21051@debbugs.gnu.org, Lee Sung X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) Bob Proulx writes: > But you could also delete it using the full path. > > rm -rf ~/fpc_i2cs_cpld # warning: recursive removal A relative name will do as well. $ rm -rf ../fpc_i2cs_cpld Andreas. -- Andreas Schwab, schwab@linux-m68k.org GPG Key fingerprint = 58CA 54C7 6D53 942B 1756 01D3 44D5 214B 8276 4ED5 "And now for something completely different." From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Thu Jul 16 09:21:25 2015 Received: (at submit) by debbugs.gnu.org; 16 Jul 2015 13:21:25 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:50791 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj6K-0002QP-IA for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:24 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([208.118.235.92]:49315) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj6I-0002Q3-OW for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:22 -0400 Received: from Debian-exim by eggs.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj6C-0003aD-QP for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:17 -0400 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.2 (2011-06-06) on eggs.gnu.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.8 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_50,FREEMAIL_FROM autolearn=disabled version=3.3.2 Received: from lists.gnu.org ([2001:4830:134:3::11]:51278) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj6C-0003a8-N9 for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:16 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([2001:4830:134:3::10]:34586) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj6B-0000aa-Od for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:16 -0400 Received: from Debian-exim by eggs.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj66-0003ZM-R6 for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:15 -0400 Received: from mout.gmx.net ([212.227.17.20]:56300) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFj66-0003ZB-GW for bug-coreutils@gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 09:21:10 -0400 Received: from zappa.ga.local ([82.139.197.16]) by mail.gmx.com (mrgmx101) with ESMTPSA (Nemesis) id 0MBJF3-1Z5VoQ2BfR-00AEDE; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 15:21:03 +0200 From: Ruediger Meier To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2015 15:20:57 +0200 User-Agent: KMail/1.9.10 References: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline Message-Id: <201507161520.57834.sweet_f_a@gmx.de> X-Provags-ID: V03:K0:jXf/f1jrhWiILIzFfxkFpHi53EjHCoe4nRqIXGcn3RrweAr/KzD F+YriQ4wq3CG4eEQqw1Yt/rxoumP5Wrc6Uj8vCZOPZI0/JrFP8gzcveDHdiU72+I3cTdPgo ByKlfZGeF8DCJlkJb5M6NkIvziyCC9VnXeXkFGkR8nITiZz4+qodHQmS0K62lfXldpqxveY An/kbKAZoqfNGoPKvgphw== X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V01:K0:mcj0I8geYGs=:wabrkC7uLg+7ssHd2deG6N t+rL75yCRcO5shrqHFJf0tyP3sBw86xhEjBb1BXGbF9syPSDHljlzRwCYcr8RUU6S2o0iEeb6 Kf9PZ/Pd7nnzVdIRZMzb5bivsMxVhez5Ejf4OtTBqlOfBRkX7L+2jLgprXblh0eiGU/2n58w6 Y5M0kmUNBZhdra4M+GcEwORH4imrrKK+u9JiNTl2S590ohrugIwylSCj82K84SU5O8obiz9AI 2vFiuaDVwxs8b/kHsC2HY49xM7OtZe5qJ1WkGvAiBrUAUeVoMmNb1zCUfq9n0QvPCjWHZ6CSA JaHbJujCnGFsPBTqBKCsvYu5azNYxl0zYlcu+epPfZFoutcKlGB2S4JhcrV8zlWRkT1geZ0YD c3PcqbMs2naK/mNFP1BspETszrDJIqfodDNTd3Tz2C3iKJjMQrdn4+GtRTnVnyxKMXghFP+Us RttkVZlnpfBXZpCbobl8SOodIJiKOuq4FUGQ4CKE0XxRDwOgpLSZc5Mebfe4jWcz91OaKY1vO v3QKFQKXt1URpBMo/pTo5RfNocBcWhtZkuVzx9WZzVkRCZS6LhW1MPp/tfcjmktdnaRm7OkTF tPDw9g5nb8o4JKYYBsO6rREuEdAsQxeB8UKaEwS5lEzZAJMrHpxoKvkPJ9ovEeeyzukY9C7WB Q2lZ5hklTy6dO6aJXCBOP/AvSgFy+WGbsS7ztskStWS6JVQ== X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: GNU/Linux 3.x [generic] X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: Error: Malformed IPv6 address (bad octet value). X-Received-From: 2001:4830:134:3::11 X-Spam-Score: -4.1 (----) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: submit Cc: "21051@debbugs.gnu.org" <21051@debbugs.gnu.org>, Bob Proulx , Lee Sung X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -4.1 (----) On Wednesday 15 July 2015, Lee Sung wrote: > > How would I delete directory "." and ".." > > Those entries are required infrastructure and should not be deleted. > The "." directory refers to the current directory. The ".." refers > to the parent directory. The ".." entry on some classic Unix file > systems may be unlinked but I don't believe that any current Linux > file system allows this. This is a restriction imposed by the kernel > and not by coreutils. I understand why "." and ".." links can't or at least should not be removed. And maybe it would be also inconsistent behavior to follow these links and to remove the original target directory. But I don't understand why "rm -rf ." does not delete at least all content within ".". My use case would be to cleanup "build" directories to start freshly like this: $ pwd /home/rudi/devel/coreutils/=build-1234 $ rm -rf . $ ../configure IMO all workarounds to cleanup "." (inclusive dot-files) are just annoying. cu, Rudi From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Thu Jul 16 10:49:41 2015 Received: (at 21051) by debbugs.gnu.org; 16 Jul 2015 14:49:41 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:51260 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFkTk-0004Wb-Cu for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 10:49:40 -0400 Received: from mx1.redhat.com ([209.132.183.28]:42266) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFkTh-0004WP-D7 for 21051@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 10:49:38 -0400 Received: from int-mx11.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com (int-mx11.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com [10.5.11.24]) by mx1.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 08D54A2C21; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 14:49:35 +0000 (UTC) Received: from [10.3.113.107] (ovpn-113-107.phx2.redhat.com [10.3.113.107]) by int-mx11.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com (8.14.4/8.14.4) with ESMTP id t6GEnYA5021118; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 10:49:34 -0400 Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion To: Ruediger Meier , 21051@debbugs.gnu.org References: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> <201507161520.57834.sweet_f_a@gmx.de> From: Eric Blake Openpgp: url=http://people.redhat.com/eblake/eblake.gpg X-Enigmail-Draft-Status: N1110 Organization: Red Hat, Inc. Message-ID: <55A7C479.6060902@redhat.com> Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2015 08:49:29 -0600 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/38.0.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <201507161520.57834.sweet_f_a@gmx.de> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="tiFbjrruKSMjeA5lDC0mna3PJI1ehdmgG" X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.68 on 10.5.11.24 X-Spam-Score: -6.3 (------) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 21051 Cc: bob@proulx.com, lsung@juniper.net X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -6.3 (------) This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --tiFbjrruKSMjeA5lDC0mna3PJI1ehdmgG Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On 07/16/2015 07:20 AM, Ruediger Meier wrote: > On Wednesday 15 July 2015, Lee Sung wrote: >>> How would I delete directory "." and ".." >> >> Those entries are required infrastructure and should not be deleted. >> The "." directory refers to the current directory. The ".." refers >> to the parent directory. The ".." entry on some classic Unix file >> systems may be unlinked but I don't believe that any current Linux >> file system allows this. This is a restriction imposed by the kernel >> and not by coreutils. >=20 > I understand why "." and ".." links can't or at least should not be=20 > removed. And maybe it would be also inconsistent behavior to follow=20 > these links and to remove the original target directory. >=20 > But I don't understand why "rm -rf ." does not delete at least all=20 > content within ".". Because POSIX says so: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html "If either of the files dot or dot-dot are specified as the basename portion of an operand (that is, the final pathname component) or if an operand resolves to the root directory, rm shall write a diagnostic message to standard error and do nothing more with such operands." If you think POSIX is wrong, and should allow 'rm -rf .' as a way to empty '.' while leaving the directory itself intact (but probably still failing the overall command and setting $? to 1), then propose a bug report to the POSIX folks (especially helpful would be if you could provide evidence that historical Unix from 30 years ago behaved in that manner, and that it was an inadvertent wording choice in POSIX that prevents the historical behavior): http://austingroupbugs.net/main_page.php >=20 > My use case would be to cleanup "build" directories to start freshly=20 > like this: >=20 > $ pwd > /home/rudi/devel/coreutils/=3Dbuild-1234 > $ rm -rf . > $ ../configure >=20 > IMO all workarounds to cleanup "." (inclusive dot-files) are just=20 > annoying. These work (but I agree that they are much longer to type) rm -rf -- * .??* .[!.] (except that has problems with command line length) find . \! -name . | xargs rm -rf --=20 Eric Blake eblake redhat com +1-919-301-3266 Libvirt virtualization library http://libvirt.org --tiFbjrruKSMjeA5lDC0mna3PJI1ehdmgG Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="signature.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="signature.asc" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v2 Comment: Public key at http://people.redhat.com/eblake/eblake.gpg Comment: Using GnuPG with Thunderbird - http://www.enigmail.net/ iQEcBAEBCAAGBQJVp8R5AAoJEKeha0olJ0NqJjYH/ApNUVqMYfhFxdwQ31lrNmNh A1K8/5iNLCF10XUiA74CZ8qMf/1RD7MYQq1d3Q7TWr4QU5sIMNWIqHjwNZLeXcAT 3w590EK/9qrz6+ITHA+MkokKGlWBkpOOGNEQ/VaxXdIRN4jjiQO0/0SRNZcrzs2G WvRnE7HaaBM496r1JXICtJbQXc8/ejtNA2ZBoPyWJPBuMjF8ldeCIEyhwP8xceZg JXaPrByllys3K3N1JqPsrJotNjGEGOGTXmc2JT3cHLecMQ+bWBw0BtKj8k3WhNj7 jbOJSLVQxVnkPciQt/Kg9GftQ3L5AzmlfOKp+2nW1WNKKtpHUmBOD5iUQgYmS7g= =wHiD -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --tiFbjrruKSMjeA5lDC0mna3PJI1ehdmgG-- From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Thu Jul 16 11:06:51 2015 Received: (at 21051) by debbugs.gnu.org; 16 Jul 2015 15:06:51 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:51282 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFkkN-0004we-2v for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 11:06:51 -0400 Received: from mout.kundenserver.de ([212.227.17.24]:52645) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from ) id 1ZFkkL-0004wL-UY for 21051@debbugs.gnu.org; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 11:06:50 -0400 Received: from [10.0.4.15] ([62.153.148.194]) by mrelayeu.kundenserver.de (mreue103) with ESMTPSA (Nemesis) id 0LwXB1-1YtsE01QRL-018HqW; Thu, 16 Jul 2015 17:06:35 +0200 Message-ID: <55A7C878.4050202@bernhard-voelker.de> Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2015 17:06:32 +0200 From: Bernhard Voelker User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/31.7.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Eric Blake , Ruediger Meier , 21051@debbugs.gnu.org Subject: Re: bug#21051: direct/file deletion References: <20150714164850534364320@bob.proulx.com> <201507161520.57834.sweet_f_a@gmx.de> <55A7C479.6060902@redhat.com> In-Reply-To: <55A7C479.6060902@redhat.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Provags-ID: V03:K0:mpPPGbTnLxj6+ERAjBtdlKbyNJ34zF8V1VGg7wCHzMDk8Bb4uSV 5XVVqlIFDuDEqq7MvM4RM2WgC4QaC8dsDK0k89Xaqxc6j3jE7jRA8qOhfDdJ2CE3C20lpUr jefxJo+rsXVgXiS/yNtk3vTO+XoGgeOMzzIYRcwtee07iou7WlNb5eQphzYoLpxRiU2eGSs mUk1j6v1BQ2i6dXkmYL3A== X-UI-Out-Filterresults: notjunk:1;V01:K0:UvedmW06u6k=:ItdfmCEpqhMk6RyY4bVD3j RaaUMq93o33G30/HtQD0ZKCxnkOBidcno9PbJnDYD1rcnqvmBPFzNrgjjcOrfIWANbb/2Misu /O7FvYDsvAhzk3fpKNj1YoE9/usCFZcgJSYmWuDVAlBRKmK8vbJs6WZVdYEqzBDgaNNminr4w tr4GLxppurQ0F1gWAaenpc/jgZN7ts58yxGLisEKAh6RZB0V4WNKfmHRixTqQbgoEqW8HoYvO oVX7NekQTGp/nKyJY2vN5s+F1l2miCQ5KMUaVWbjyaQP6qMV8Cr2I6BaO+hK/fLUJcPSQ2Mkf Bn7sOh777JF4+GbzP5aXuOJlFjHPHQSMKiGlODkhpv7pHRAJx6egTVSe1vVMzcMBQuDE49miv LAzpBWSsqh1AjgW1I2mcHaaHTvUtRne5PJcts9OW3xGRVwOf+KNQsobqPQx/BieN4V26A+1aL 28j9NJjSNR3Q+bN9xuHSzkep9II5vg00DG42bx6YX/0gUJfyjOTVT9qGJEhx9sleDPxKvLzA5 joqmjge/ORbVVL1BEJCBaN3v+7ZNIwvDz1CMUxy1w+NRSJnHARqXyFEH52LIGFBCBv9SD92SV sjEkN6t/p8yqHrEVqfKS6mous/ms6v3v3Krowv9MTHeowxhb0rNJGS6YaFIQviZCPycrciZ9F qVggsYqlWqBBVrelQjEs/5k7oh533O1D2MBAzSVqCssI+aQ== X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Debbugs-Envelope-To: 21051 Cc: bob@proulx.com, lsung@juniper.net X-BeenThere: debbugs-submit@debbugs.gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Sender: "Debbugs-submit" X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) On 07/16/2015 04:49 PM, Eric Blake wrote: > On 07/16/2015 07:20 AM, Ruediger Meier wrote: >> IMO all workarounds to cleanup "." (inclusive dot-files) are just >> annoying. > > These work (but I agree that they are much longer to type) > > rm -rf -- * .??* .[!.] > (except that has problems with command line length) > > find . \! -name . | xargs rm -rf GNU find does it, too: $ find . -mindepth 1 -delete Have a nice day, Berny From debbugs-submit-bounces@debbugs.gnu.org Mon Oct 22 22:37:43 2018 Received: (at control) by debbugs.gnu.org; 23 Oct 2018 02:37:43 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1]:36844 helo=debbugs.gnu.org) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1gEmZj-0003BX-L6 for submit@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 22:37:43 -0400 Received: from mail-it1-f173.google.com ([209.85.166.173]:51686) by debbugs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.84_2) (envelope-from ) id 1gEmZi-0003BK-AB for control@debbugs.gnu.org; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 22:37:42 -0400 Received: by mail-it1-f173.google.com with SMTP id 74-v6so151708itw.1 for ; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 19:37:42 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=to:from:message-id:date:user-agent:mime-version:content-language :content-transfer-encoding; bh=6PXjFy7tZrTstG0vLQNq//NDAvwLQEsTWe9OQnjzBz8=; b=ed7VAyziHTafjn2Ln8y+DpIoVlar2rLUPdOZdZNmDMHKU/OxlkdMxdDwtKnTf39tFm V8K6uv2o3MlGVgup9q/NkHypzWlfT4WbGnxPBofAtmzE+HinSWL0aVfXJWV1FdUiYTxa MzzUrV/Wpr1Gz+JF3WZbcmtOP09aLJrG672Yn8rO8bvWknM74c2HAIF4EQfELyiZ1hr4 GUJ8MGkkeplUogyfKCCbsBTtEKnhbH4L/OCKOW7h+wFz95aZAUHkgie6i+5Fz+DFk5dc LP9POdcuBCykdWanINgKbF1xm/Aqm+Pr9899xoNAUtenI28zr5dNmv4FuClPCFD5CeLe MBLA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:to:from:message-id:date:user-agent:mime-version :content-language:content-transfer-encoding; bh=6PXjFy7tZrTstG0vLQNq//NDAvwLQEsTWe9OQnjzBz8=; b=V+lznxL8SM37zOOO1MoyGBVWro1n1RQ8fcscflpyxSWui7UGluNRx3uJbHoCZBnJfq aD5bhVTGnS64MkEFXq8lfbzyA2IVcACDPnVl4cF425SBCd7byE2KkNUD8+6iqh1b4fHk KUEuidGvvts7hFyBhloOEo+/J/S882jbgh1w3qAwMkd1a3alRJyp3NpyZ1Jr/zEVafyd E4VTirF/alNHXc7vY7Xr7lrnGuSUdaX7MkpC1M3E6nmLKRedn7yF9RNSdi7CG7p5paTc YNHaJaotGly4iJYEa5dgMs684cgWCGPItJxcQ1jesZ0NAKr6RsPzcUedbKG1eF5AuV/0 RMpw== X-Gm-Message-State: ABuFfogtccW3VPEJ5Mh1tIGjliqVRrznGvIvUPuN0wGKvwDl2H7utaqC itnfamS1vZ/O9MbeetLeabwbOJYP X-Google-Smtp-Source: ACcGV60xVB0U+5ZE5LITN1xc4WNRUteJwPRNexefjbt1ls4i/KtaKjqV5olyfNT5ZPdoJ4DPbaOC6g== X-Received: by 2002:a02:128e:: with SMTP id 14-v6mr2425431jap.28.1540262256444; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 19:37:36 -0700 (PDT) Received: from tomato.housegordon.com (moose.housegordon.com. 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