Hello, unsung heroes.
I have attached a screenshot. Notice the little gray buffer-menu popup on the right side. I don't know why it popped up. (I switch buffers using `C-x C-b` or `Ctrl-TAB`. I was not trying to switch buffers when it crashed, but I may have mis-typed some key command.)

The popup was surprisingly persistent. It stayed overlaid on my screen even as I navigated to a different desktop, away from the one with Emacs. (The main Emacs windows did not disappear, but unlike the popup it behaved itself, staying on the desktop where I had launched it.) The main window eventually became gray. (I have no screenshot of the window once it had turned gray, only before.)
Normally I kill emacs and restart. This time that didn't work, until I used the `-9` option to the `kill` shell command.
This kind of crash has happened to me many times before, at least once a week for, I think, months. Sorry for not reporting sooner.
I use NixOS, the Linux kernal 6.15.3, and Plasma 6.3.6 on an HP laptop.