Recipe:
emacs-29.1 -Q -ms red -cr green &

- Cursor is not green; mouse pointer is not red.  "-cr" definitely worked in
v28.2, but "-ms" did not.
- This problem does not occur on MacOS -- both "-cr" and "-ms" work
properly (config follows Ubuntu config below)
- On Ubuntu, "-cr" worked in earlier versions of Emacs, but "-ms" did not.
- `set-cursor-color` works properly in all cases
- `set-mouse-color` does not work on Ubuntu, but it does work on OSX.
- Emacs did not crash.

In GNU Emacs 29.1 (build 2, x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.24.33,
 cairo version 1.16.0) of 2023-07-31 built on chupa
Windowing system distributor 'The X.Org Foundation', version 11.0.12101004
System Description: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS

Configured using:
 'configure --with-native-compilation --with-imagemagick
 --with-tree-sitter'

Configured features:
ACL CAIRO DBUS FREETYPE GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS GSETTINGS HARFBUZZ
IMAGEMAGICK JPEG JSON LCMS2 LIBSELINUX LIBSYSTEMD LIBXML2 MODULES
NATIVE_COMP NOTIFY INOTIFY PDUMPER PNG RSVG SECCOMP SOUND SQLITE3
THREADS TIFF TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS TREE_SITTER X11 XDBE XIM XINPUT2 XPM
GTK3 ZLIB

Important settings:
  value of $LC_COLLATE: C
  value of $LANG: en_US.UTF-8
  value of $XMODIFIERS: @im=ibus
  locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix

Major mode: Lisp Interaction

Minor modes in effect:
  tooltip-mode: t
  global-eldoc-mode: t
  eldoc-mode: t
  show-paren-mode: t
  electric-indent-mode: t
  mouse-wheel-mode: t
  tool-bar-mode: t
  menu-bar-mode: t
  file-name-shadow-mode: t
  global-font-lock-mode: t
  font-lock-mode: t
  blink-cursor-mode: t
  line-number-mode: t
  indent-tabs-mode: t
  transient-mark-mode: t
  auto-composition-mode: t
  auto-encryption-mode: t
  auto-compression-mode: t

Load-path shadows:
None found.

Features:
(shadow sort mail-extr emacsbug message mailcap yank-media puny dired
dired-loaddefs rfc822 mml mml-sec password-cache epa derived epg rfc6068
epg-config gnus-util text-property-search mm-decode mm-bodies mm-encode
mail-parse rfc2231 mailabbrev gmm-utils mailheader sendmail rfc2047
rfc2045 ietf-drums mm-util mail-prsvr mail-utils time-date cl-loaddefs
comp comp-cstr warnings icons subr-x rx cl-seq cl-macs gv cl-extra
help-mode bytecomp byte-compile cl-lib rmc iso-transl tooltip cconv
eldoc paren electric uniquify ediff-hook vc-hooks lisp-float-type
elisp-mode mwheel term/x-win x-win term/common-win x-dnd tool-bar dnd
fontset image regexp-opt fringe tabulated-list replace newcomment
text-mode lisp-mode prog-mode register page tab-bar menu-bar rfn-eshadow
isearch easymenu timer select scroll-bar mouse jit-lock font-lock syntax
font-core term/tty-colors frame minibuffer nadvice seq simple cl-generic
indonesian philippine cham georgian utf-8-lang misc-lang vietnamese
tibetan thai tai-viet lao korean japanese eucjp-ms cp51932 hebrew greek
romanian slovak czech european ethiopic indian cyrillic chinese
composite emoji-zwj charscript charprop case-table epa-hook
jka-cmpr-hook help abbrev obarray oclosure cl-preloaded button loaddefs
theme-loaddefs faces cus-face macroexp files window text-properties
overlay sha1 md5 base64 format env code-pages mule custom widget keymap
hashtable-print-readable backquote threads dbusbind inotify lcms2
dynamic-setting system-font-setting font-render-setting cairo
move-toolbar gtk x-toolkit xinput2 x multi-tty make-network-process
native-compile emacs)

Memory information:
((conses 16 76138 9338)
 (symbols 48 7146 0)
 (strings 32 19271 1716)
 (string-bytes 1 582122)
 (vectors 16 15263)
 (vector-slots 8 322465 15703)
 (floats 8 27 48)
 (intervals 56 217 0)
 (buffers 984 11))

------------- OSX config below ------------
In GNU Emacs 29.1 (build 2, x86_64-apple-darwin22.5.0, GTK+ Version
 3.24.38, cairo version 1.17.6) of 2023-08-07 built on MT-307830
Windowing system distributor 'The X.Org Foundation', version 11.0.12101006
System Description:  macOS 13.4.1

Configured using:
 'configure --prefix=/opt/local --disable-silent-rules --without-ns
 --without-libotf --without-m17n-flt --with-libgmp --with-gnutls
 --with-json --with-xml2 --with-modules --with-sqlite3 --with-webp
 --infodir /opt/local/share/info/emacs --without-xaw3d
 --without-imagemagick --with-xpm --with-jpeg --with-tiff --with-gif
 --with-png --with-lcms2 --with-xft --with-x-toolkit=gtk3 --with-gconf
 --with-rsvg --with-dbus --with-native-compilation=aot
 --with-tree-sitter 'CFLAGS=-pipe -Os -Wno-attributes
 -isysroot/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX13.sdk -arch
 x86_64' 'CPPFLAGS=-I/opt/local/include
 -isysroot/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX13.sdk'
 'LDFLAGS=-L/opt/local/lib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -lfreetype
 -lfontconfig -Wl,-rpath /opt/local/lib/gcc12 -Wl,-no_pie
 -Wl,-syslibroot,/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX13.sdk
 -arch x86_64''

Configured features:
ACL CAIRO DBUS FREETYPE GCONF GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS GSETTINGS HARFBUZZ
JPEG JSON LCMS2 LIBXML2 MODULES NATIVE_COMP NOTIFY KQUEUE PDUMPER PNG
RSVG SQLITE3 THREADS TIFF TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS TREE_SITTER WEBP X11 XDBE
XIM XINPUT2 XPM GTK3 ZLIB

Important settings:
  value of $LC_COLLATE: C
  locale-coding-system: nil

Major mode: Shell

Minor modes in effect:
  global-git-commit-mode: t
  magit-auto-revert-mode: t
  server-mode: t
  pdf-occur-global-minor-mode: t
  pulsar-global-mode: t
  pulsar-mode: t
  shell-dirtrack-mode: t
  comint-fontify-input-mode: t
  display-time-mode: t
  desktop-save-mode: t
  electric-pair-mode: t
  icomplete-mode: t
  global-eldoc-mode: t
  show-paren-mode: t
  electric-indent-mode: t
  mouse-wheel-mode: t
  file-name-shadow-mode: t
  global-font-lock-mode: t
  font-lock-mode: t
  blink-cursor-mode: t
  line-number-mode: t
  transient-mark-mode: t
  auto-composition-mode: t
  auto-encryption-mode: t
  auto-compression-mode: t

Load-path shadows:
~/emacs/org-noter/org-noter-core hides
/Users/petermao/.emacs.d/elpa/org-noter-20230605.323/org-noter-core
~/emacs/org-noter/org-noter hides
/Users/petermao/.emacs.d/elpa/org-noter-20230605.323/org-noter
/Users/petermao/.emacs.d/elpa/transient-20230602.2121/transient hides
/opt/local/share/emacs/29.1/lisp/transient

Features:
(shadow sort emacsbug timezone wdired mail-extr man descr-text textsec
uni-scripts idna-mapping ucs-normalize uni-confusable textsec-check
network-stream url-cache goto-addr ssh-agency vc-hg vc-bzr vc-src
vc-sccs vc-svn vc-cvs vc-rcs log-view vc bug-reference whitespace
sh-script smie executable files-x conf-mode magit-extras face-remap
magit-bookmark magit-submodule magit-blame magit-stash magit-reflog
magit-bisect magit-push magit-pull magit-fetch magit-clone magit-remote
magit-commit magit-sequence magit-notes magit-worktree magit-tag
magit-merge magit-branch magit-reset magit-files magit-refs magit-status
magit magit-repos magit-apply magit-wip magit-log which-func magit-diff
git-commit log-edit pcvs-util add-log magit-core magit-autorevert
magit-margin magit-transient magit-process with-editor server magit-mode
transient edmacro kmacro magit-git magit-base magit-section
cursor-sensor crm dash mule-util etags fileloop xref
yaml-mode-expansions yaml-mode look-mode cl-print help-fns radix-tree
dabbrev misearch multi-isearch ediff ediff-merg ediff-mult ediff-wind
ediff-diff ediff-help ediff-init ediff-util lpr yasnippet-snippets
yasnippet org-indent pdf-sync pdf-annot facemenu pdf-outline pdf-links
pdf-history num3-mode dired-aux linum smerge-mode diff
display-line-numbers autorevert vc-git diff-mode vc-dispatcher
image-file image-converter oc-basic disp-table ol-eww eww url-queue
mm-url ol-rmail ol-mhe ol-irc ol-info ol-gnus nnselect gnus-art mm-uu
mml2015 mm-view mml-smime smime gnutls dig gnus-sum gnus-group gnus-undo
gnus-start gnus-dbus dbus gnus-cloud nnimap nnmail mail-source utf7 nnoo
parse-time gnus-spec gnus-int gnus-range message sendmail yank-media
rfc822 mml mml-sec epa epg rfc6068 epg-config mm-decode mm-bodies
mm-encode mailabbrev gmm-utils mailheader gnus-win gnus nnheader
gnus-util mail-utils range ol-docview doc-view filenotify ol-bibtex
bibtex iso8601 ol-bbdb ol-w3m ol-doi org-link-doi matlab derived
matlab-scan matlab-syntax matlab-compat org-noter org-noter-nov nov
recentf tree-widget shr pixel-fill kinsoku url-file svg xml esxml-query
dom org-noter-pdf comp comp-cstr warnings cl-extra help-mode
org-noter-core pdf-occur ibuf-ext tablist tablist-filter
semantic/wisent/comp semantic/wisent semantic/wisent/wisent
semantic/util-modes semantic/util semantic semantic/tag semantic/lex
semantic/fw mode-local cedet pdf-isearch let-alist pdf-misc imenu
pdf-tools cus-edit cus-load wid-edit pdf-view bookmark pp jka-compr
pdf-cache pdf-info tq pdf-util pdf-macs image-mode exif ibuffer
ibuffer-loaddefs dired-x dired dired-loaddefs wgrep grep compile
text-property-search expand-region text-mode-expansions
the-org-mode-expansions python-el-fgallina-expansions
er-basic-expansions expand-region-core advice expand-region-custom
pulsar pulse color ffap- ffap thingatpt gse-number-rect rect ob-matlab
ob-shell shell ob-octave ob-python python project compat compat-29
treesit ob-perl ob-ditaa org-download org-element org-persist xdg
avl-tree generator org-attach org-id org-refile url-http url-auth
mail-parse rfc2231 rfc2047 rfc2045 mm-util ietf-drums mail-prsvr url-gw
nsm puny async org ob ob-tangle ob-ref ob-lob ob-table ob-exp org-macro
org-src ob-comint org-pcomplete pcomplete comint ansi-osc ansi-color
ring org-list org-footnote org-faces org-entities time-date noutline
outline icons ob-emacs-lisp ob-core ob-eval org-cycle org-table ol rx
org-fold org-fold-core org-keys oc org-loaddefs find-func cal-menu
calendar cal-loaddefs org-version org-compat org-macs format-spec
utilities pdftools arxiv-reader easy-mmode time desktop frameset
elec-pair icomplete tex-site pcase info package browse-url url url-proxy
url-privacy url-expand url-methods url-history url-cookie
generate-lisp-file url-domsuf url-util mailcap url-handlers url-parse
auth-source cl-seq eieio eieio-core cl-macs password-cache json subr-x
map byte-opt gv bytecomp byte-compile url-vars cl-loaddefs cl-lib rmc
iso-transl tooltip cconv eldoc paren electric uniquify ediff-hook
vc-hooks lisp-float-type elisp-mode mwheel term/x-win x-win
term/common-win x-dnd tool-bar dnd fontset image regexp-opt fringe
tabulated-list replace newcomment text-mode lisp-mode prog-mode register
page tab-bar menu-bar rfn-eshadow isearch easymenu timer select
scroll-bar mouse jit-lock font-lock syntax font-core term/tty-colors
frame minibuffer nadvice seq simple cl-generic indonesian philippine
cham georgian utf-8-lang misc-lang vietnamese tibetan thai tai-viet lao
korean japanese eucjp-ms cp51932 hebrew greek romanian slovak czech
european ethiopic indian cyrillic chinese composite emoji-zwj charscript
charprop case-table epa-hook jka-cmpr-hook help abbrev obarray oclosure
cl-preloaded button loaddefs theme-loaddefs faces cus-face macroexp
files window text-properties overlay sha1 md5 base64 format env
code-pages mule custom widget keymap hashtable-print-readable backquote
threads dbusbind kqueue lcms2 dynamic-setting system-font-setting
font-render-setting cairo move-toolbar gtk x-toolkit xinput2 x multi-tty
make-network-process native-compile emacs)

Memory information:
((conses 16 1234725 140783)
 (symbols 48 53149 12)
 (strings 32 273010 10609)
 (string-bytes 1 18023115)
 (vectors 16 133574)
 (vector-slots 8 3354117 149286)
 (floats 8 2552 1277)
 (intervals 56 86068 6706)
 (buffers 984 67))